Ethnobotany and notes on conservation for Tillandsia imperialis (Bromeliaceae) in Huayacocotla (Veracruz, Mexico), a species in a risk category

Abstract

Background: Easter is an important celebration in Huayacocotla municipality, Veracruz. The residents traditionally decorate the streets with representations of the Viacrucis, using plants for biocultural traditions.

Methods: The study took place in Huayacocotla municipality in Veracruz (Mexico) at Easter. We register plant species used in 11 floral arches and religious decorations. Some semi-structured interviews with people involved in the decorations and their perceptions are reported. We calculate IUCN categories based on species distribution.

Results: Every Good Friday, the local community includes several plants as Dasylirion sp. and bromeliads, for the decoration of arches and streets. Four tillandsias have been reported as being employed for these religious celebrations: Tillandsia usneoides, T. deppeana and principally T. imperialis, and recently T. botterii. Tillandsia imperialis is the main species used (at least 230 individuals) and it appears in the list of Mexican protected species in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT- 2010. Photographs of the biocultural process and suggestions for species conservation are included to promote species protection and implement strategies to continue using these plants, but with less impact on the wild population.

Conclusions: This study provides ceremonial plants data with current conservation status in Huayacocotla, Veracruz. We propose strategies that could be implemented by the authorities and addressed to the residents who can help to preserve cultural rituals while conserving the species.

Key words: Floral arch, NOM-059-Semarnat-2010, threatened species, IUCN, conservation, traditional knowledge.