Use of the alien invasive species Amaranthus retroflexus L. in Armenia

Abstract

Background: Two editions of "Ethnobotany of the Caucasus" (2017 and 2025) include data on the use of the invasive species Amaranthus retroflexus L. in the Caucasian countries. We have now obtained new data on the use of this species in Armenia.

Methods: Data on the use of Amaranthus retroflexus were collected through surveys of local populations in four rural communities of the Lori region of Armenia, comprising 42 villages. The Australian Weed Risk Assessment was employed for the invasion risk assessment of the investigated species.

Results: Residents of the Lori region use Amaranthus retroflexus as a food plant. Young shoots and leaves are consumed in salads or pies. A decoction of the plant is also used medicinally for gastrointestinal ailments. Locals use this species as fodder for cattle and sheep, and for fattening pigs. Our estimates indicate that 90% of families in rural communities of the Lori Plateau harvest Amaranthus retroflexus during the three summer months, primarily for their own use, with a small quantity sold in the markets of Stepanavan, Vanadzor, and Yerevan, and supplied to some restaurants in these cities.

Conclusions: Amaranthus retroflexus is widespread in Armenia but is primarily used by the population in only one region of the country as a food and forage plant. People are largely unaware of its beneficial properties and potential medicinal uses. A special campaign should be launched to promote this species as a food plant, while also raising public awareness of its medicinal properties.

Keywords: Ethnobotany, Alien invasive species, Amaranthus retroflexus, Edible and medicinal plants