Dermocosmetic practices traditionally used by the Agni of Bongouanou (Centre-East, Côte d'Ivoire)

Abstract

Background: The skin is continuously exposed to biological, physical, and chemical aggressions. Pathogenic agents, ultraviolet radiation, and synthetic substances found in various dermatological, or hygiene products impair its functions and promote skin conditions. The increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics complicates their management, while repeated use of these substances causes adverse effects. This study aims to highlight traditional plants and dermo-cosmetic products among the Agni of Bongouanou.

Methods: A survey was conducted from February to April 2025 on cosmetopoeia using interview and field walk techniques. Citation frequency and the Smith index were used to assess the cultural importance of the resources.

Results: A total of 253 peoples were interviewed, among whom women were predominantly represented. A diversity of 24 plants species was recorded. The Fabaceae family was the most represented with four species. Leaves (50%) are the most recommended parts. Grinding (50%) is the most commonly used method of preparation. Six categories of traditional products were identified. Palm kernel oil (Fc = 98.28% and Sa = 0.787), black soap (Fc = 77.14% and Sa = 0.514%), shea butter (Fc = 94.85% and Sa = 0.548), and palm oil (Fc = 93.99% and Sa = 0.378) are the traditional products most cited by the knowledgeable informants.

Conclusions: The results obtained constitute a database for research in pharmacognosy, pharmacology, and toxicology to propose an improved traditional plant product against skin conditions and skin aging for the population.

Keywords: Agni, Bongouanou, Ivory Coast, Plants, Dermo-cosmetic practices