Ethnobotanical study of the traditional use of Atriplex halimus L. in north-western Algeria (Oran): popular knowledge and health safety issues

Abstract

Background: Atriplex halimus L. is a halophytic plant widely distributed across the Mediterranean and traditionally used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. In Algeria, particularly in the north-western regions, scientific data on its traditional uses, perceived efficacy, and potential risks are scarce. This study aimed to document local knowledge on the use of Atriplex halimus L. in the Wilaya of Oran, focusing on preparation methods, therapeutic indications, perceived effectiveness, and reported adverse effects.

Methods: Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological fieldwork was conducted from February to April 2025 with 100 informants using semi-structured questionnaires and semi-direct interviews. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics, plant parts used, preparation methods, therapeutic indications, frequency of use, and adverse effects. Quantitative analysis employed the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF).

Results: The study highlighted the ethnobotanical importance of Atriplex halimus L. (RFC = 0.81). Use was most frequent among socio-economically active young adults. Leaves were the most commonly used part, primarily prepared as decoctions (ICF > 0.6). The therapeutic indications reported were dominated by the treatment of ovarian cysts and fibroid (FL = 56.76 %), followed by goiter and diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to provide detailed quantitative information on traditional dose, frequency, posology, and duration of use. Most users had limited knowledge regarding potential toxicity, contraindications, and precautions.

Conclusions: Atriplex halimus L. plays a significant role in the traditional pharmacopoeia of the Wilaya of Oran, reflecting rich indigenous ethnomedical knowledge. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies to validate reported uses and ensure safe application.

Keywords: Atriplex halimus L., ethnobotanical survey, phytotherapy, traditional medicine, Algeria-Oran.