Traditional medicinal uses of Origanum (Lamiaceae) in Türkiye

Abstract

Background: The genus Origanum has numerous endemic species distributed in Türkiye, which is one of the main diversity centers. Documenting information on traditional uses is important for the conservation of cultural heritage and biodiversity, especially in genera with high endemism rates.

Methods: In this study, the traditional medicinal uses of Origanum species distributed in Türkiye were investigated through a comprehensive literature review using national and international databases. Ethnobotanical records were compiled from field-based studies, distribution and traditional use data on the species were mapped by provinces, and further ethnobotanical studies are recommended in provinces with high species diversity but limited ethnobotanical records.

Results: A total of 40 ethnobotanical studies reporting medicinal uses of Origanum species were evaluated, and 13 taxa were identified as being used in traditional medicine. It was determined that the aerial parts of Origanum species were most commonly used, prepared as infusions for colds, abdominal pain, and flu. Mersin, Muğla and Manisa were identified as the provinces with the highest number of reported traditional uses. Adana and Hatay were suggested as potential provinces for new studies.

Conclusions: The results demonstrate the importance of documenting traditional knowledge on Origanum species in Türkiye and highlight regions where further ethnobotanical studies are needed. This study provides a useful framework for future ethnobotanical and pharmacological research as well as for biodiversity conservation efforts.

Keywords: Origanum; Ethnobotany; Medicinal plants; Traditional medicine; Türkiye; Endemics; Biodiversity